{"id":29684,"date":"2018-01-29T23:20:37","date_gmt":"2018-01-29T22:20:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.studiogiochi.com\/activities\/backgammon\/regole\/"},"modified":"2024-04-29T15:04:55","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T13:04:55","slug":"rules","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/studiogiochi.com\/en\/backgammon\/rules\/","title":{"rendered":"Rules"},"content":{"rendered":"
[vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/4″][vc_single_image image=”3341″ img_size=”full”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”3\/4″][vc_tta_tabs][vc_tta_section title=”Backgammon rules” tab_id=”regole”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/4″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”2\/4″][vc_column_text]\n

\u2022 Tournament rules & procedures<\/a><\/strong>
\n\u2022 Swing Tournament rules<\/a><\/strong>
\n\u2022 Davis Cup rules<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/4″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”4\/6″][vc_single_image image=”3700″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Tournament rules & procedures” tab_id=”regoletorneo”][vc_column_text]\n

TOURNAMENT RULES & PROCEDURES
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Interpretation<\/strong><\/p>\n

The tournament rules and procedures cannot, and should not, regulate all possible situations that may arise during a game or a match. No set rules should deprive the Tournament Director(s) of his freedom of judgment or prevent him from finding the solution dictated by fairness and compatible with the circumstances of a particular case.<\/p>\n

Committee<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Tournament Director shall be assisted by a ruling committee set at the beginning of the tournament with 3 to 5 players acknowledged for their expertise of tournament. The\u00a0 names of players in the ruling committee shall be displayed in the playing rooms. If one player of the committee is involved in a dispute he shall be substituted.<\/p>\n

Inscriptions<\/strong><\/p>\n

Inscriptions are approved by the Tournament organization that doesn\u2019t necessarily have to give any explications about its decisions.<\/p>\n

Languages<\/strong><\/p>\n

The official tournament languages are English and Italian. No speech in other language is permitted between players and spectators when a match is in progress.<\/p>\n

Dressing<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is required to dress properly at all time, otherwise the access to the Tournament will be denied.<\/p>\n

Matches<\/strong><\/p>\n

All matches shall be played in official tournament rooms except by agreement or decision of the tournament director.
\nPlayers must observe their seat assignment on the draw sheet.
\nMatches of the Championship and Intermediate take precedence.
\nThe board of the Main will be drawn randomly.
\nByes of the Progressive Consolation will be drawn if possible first among players without a bye in the Main.
\nOn the tournament board, late arrivals will be assigned in numerical order: the tournament director will decide how many late arrivals to keep available and how long.
\nIn all 13 point matches or more, each player is allowed to take two breaks of 10mn duration each. For shorter matches each player has one break of 10mn duration. The authorized breaks must be taken between games. If the duration of the pauses are not respected penalties shall be awarded.<\/p>\n

Punctuality.<\/strong>
\nIt is the responsibility of each player to be on time: you must check that the program have not been modified. Ignorance is no defense against penalty points incurred through late arrival. For any unjustified late arrival penalty points will be awarded as follows: 1 point added to opponent\u2019s score for every 5mn being late, starting from the moment chosen by the Tournament Director, considering circumstances, generally 20mn after of the scheduled starting time. As soon as penalty points amount to more than half of the needed number of points to win the match, the missing player will be disqualified.
\nIn case of necessity, an hour delay could be granted by the tournament director\u2019s decision; after the hour,\u00a0 penalty points will start.
\nIf clock is in use, instead of giving penalty points, the director will start the player’s clock.
\nIn any case, to prevent penalties, a player should secure the tournament director\u2019s consent when leaving the playing rooms.<\/p>\n

Spectators<\/strong><\/p>\n

It is permitted to watch a match, but spectators must observe complete silence and avoid to disturb in any way the players, otherwise they will be sent away.
\nThe tournament director can request at any time, on his own initiative or on a player demand,\u00a0 that a spectator leaves the table, for a justified reason or for a need of the tournament.
\nTo draw attention to any misplays or make general comments on plays is forbidden. In case of intervention of a spectator the offended player can request the tournament director to sanction.
\nExcept flagrant cheating, a spectator may testify only on tournament director request.
\nIf a spectator wants to address a player, he must ask the permission of the opponent. In case of agreement, he must use a language understood by both players.
\nAny indubitable signals between player and spectator will result in penalties that could reach the player\u2019s immediate disqualification and forfeiture of any prize. The spectator will suffer the same penalty if he takes part at the tournament.
\nPreliminaries
\nDirection of play, choice of checkers\u2019 colors and seats shall be decided at the start of the match and, once decided, will remain the same for the whole match. If the players disagree on the choice, they roll the dice and the highest result decide direction, color and seat.<\/p>\n

Equipment<\/strong><\/p>\n

You must play with the tournament equipment or with equipments approved by the tournament director.
\nIf you accept to play with non authorized equipments, you do it at your own responsibility.
\nYou must have at least 2 standard precision dice.
\nA player may ask the tournament director to change, from the next game, the equipment he is using (or part of it) if he realizes that it is not regular or for another justified reason.
\nThe tournament director can also replace, on his own initiative and at any time, defective or not regular equipment.
\nDisturbing and unnecessary objects have to be removed from the table surface.
\nCellular phone must be turned off (or used shortly with the permission of the opponent and avoiding any disturb); headsets and recording equipments are also prohibited if not with the permission of the opponent.
\nAny help is prohibited. It is forbidden to write anything but the score.<\/p>\n

Score<\/strong><\/p>\n

All matches will be played to the stated number of points: in case of different agreement, the\u00a0 involved players will be penalized.
\nIf, by mistake of both players, a match has been played at a different number of points than the stated one and the result posted in the tournament board, the loser cannot ask to play the match again or to carry it on or that the result were changed (if the stated number of points was smaller and the winner different); the director will give a warning to both players and will penalize them if they do it again.
\nIf the players realize that they are playing to a wrong number of points (but the match is not finished yet), they have to change the number on the score sheet and carry on the match to the correct number of points; if vice versa with the correct number the match were already finished, the players have to keep playing till the wrong number of points they were suppose to go to.
\nEach player shall keep a running score of the match, with the match length marked at the top of the score sheet. Both players shall check their score with the opponent\u2019s score at the start of each game. It’s the leading player’s duty to check if the score sheets match together: in case of a failure the score sheet of the trailing player will be valid.
\nMatch cards of\u00a0 the tournaments must be used.
\nFailure to keep score creates presumption in favor of an opponent in case of dispute.
\nIf both players have a missing match length, the match will be played by default to the stated match length.
\nIf both players realize that they do not play to the number of\u00a0 points stated, the score sheet shall be rectified and they shall play to the stated match length. The result of a match shall be reported to the tournament director by the loser or by the winner with the score sheet.
\nIf a player inadvertently concedes a match, even though his opponent has not reached the requisite number of points, such concession shall be deemed valid once the name of the winner is entered in the official draw sheet by the tournament director.
\nThe use of flip over scoreboards is allowed and cheered; if you use both the flip over and a normal score (to keep also track of the game \u201chistory\u201d), in case of discordance the flip over prevails.<\/p>\n

Irregularities<\/strong><\/p>\n

Any settlement or convention between players is prohibited: no game may be replayed, canceled or settled.
\nNoise, act or attitude which hinder opponent\u2019s thought and concentration are prohibited.
\nThe player should never cover the complete view of the board to his opponent: he should for example avoid to put the cup inside the board or to keep the hand over it for too long. The not in turn player schould never touch the dies nor the pieces, not even his own.
\nThe player should move the checkers clearly, using only one hand. Particularly, he should avoid exceeding in tentative back and forth moves. All the moves have to be performed regularly, in particular a checker from the bar should be played before moving any other checker.
\nIf legally possible both numbers on dice must be played. If only one dice or the other can be played legally, but not both, then the highest dice must be played.
\nA hit checker must be placed on the bar. It is insufficient simply to tap the checker or indicate by movement of the hand that a hit is intended. If a checker (or checkers) must be hit legally, but is not placed on the bar the move may be considered as illegal.
\nCheckers born off must be out of the board and must always be kept in full view of both players. Any checker should not be held in player\u2019s hands.
\nAny moves not performed properly may result in an adverse ruling in case of dispute.
\nThe director, if informed, will warn and eventually penalize a player who makes repetitely illegal moves.
\nPlayer concludes his turn by lifting both dice. He may reposition the dice on the right board to facilitate thought and moving the checkers, but only flowing the dice on the playing surface. After lifting dice, a player can’t keep moving his pieces (unless the opponent demand to replay an illegal move).
\nIf a player notices a wrong starting position, he may correct it before the fourth roll of the game. A player with a number of checkers different from 15 can lose gammon and backgammon.
\nPlayers must play at a reasonable pace. A player may lodge a protestation with the tournament director, if his opponent plays too slowly. The tournament director may on his own initiative, introduce a clock to finish a game or a match.<\/p>\n


\nCube<\/strong><\/p>\n

Automatic double and beavers are not legal.
\nWhen it is the player\u2019s turn to throw dice, he may double against a close board with a man or more on the bar. The Jacoby rule does not apply. (gammon and backgammon will count at all times. So, a cube turn is not necessary to win gammon or backgammon)
\nThe Crawford rule (no cube) applies: when a player reaches match point, the doubling cube will be out of play for one game and in any subsequent games the cube may be normally turned from the first legal opportunity.
\nA centered cube shall be considered with the value of 1 point.
\nThe cube must always be kept in full view of both players.
\nA player can double only when the opponent concludes his turn by lifting both his dice.
\nA premature double stands and the opponent can move accordingly.
\nA player who doubles must place the cube with appropriate value uppermost on opponent\u2019s right board. He must wait his opponent\u2019s acceptation before rolling the dice.
\nA player who accepts a double must\u00a0 place the cube with appropriate value uppermost on his side.
\nOnce a player is doubled and accepts this double will be deemed valid.
\nA player who refuses a double must place the cube in the center of the board.
\nOnly legal procedures shall be valid to double and to accept a double, any other shall be deemed null and void.
\nDuring the Crawford game the doubling cube should be removed from the board; but if, by mistake, the doubling cube has been used during the Crawford game, the player has in any case the right to invalidate all the doubles performed during that game, if he realizes the violation until the end of the game.<\/p>\n

Dice<\/strong><\/p>\n

Only dice approved by the tournament director must be in use.
\nAt the beginning of the match players choose a set of four dice, generally with 2 different colors.
\nOnce a match is in progress dice may not be changed except at tournament director\u2019s decision.
\nThe tournament director has the right to introduce new dice at any time.
\nAt the beginning of the match each player choose a die alternately. A random draw shall be made for the one who choose first. A player must have two dice.
\nCups and dice must be kept in full view of both players. Dice must be rolled on the right side of a player\u2019s board.
\nCocked dice must be re-rolled. Dice are deemed cocked if they do not come to rest flat on the right board. If you think your dice are cocked, you must wait your opponent’s consent before rolling again. In case of a dispute, players must leave unchanged all the equipment: any modification by a player create presumpion in opponent’s favor.
\nAt any starting game a player may request a dice mixage, with the same procedure of the beginning of the match: he will mix the dice and his opponent will choose first.
\nNone or nothing must interfere the movement of dice in order to stop or control them.
\nBefore rolling both dice must be in the cup. The cup must be shaken vigorously just before rolling. Both dice must come out simultaneously from a discernible height, without touching hands, in order that dice roll and bounce freely on the right board.<\/p>\n

A player concludes his move by lifting both dice. Premature roll stands. A player may complete or act with foreknowledge of the premature roll.<\/strong><\/p>\n

A premature roller cannot use the cube and must play the premature dice when the opponent concludes his turn.
\nAll violations of aforesaid rules shall be sanctioned.<\/p>\n

Disputes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Any infringement by a player of the accepted standard of tournament behavior can result in immediate disqualification and exclusion from the tournament.<\/p>\n

When a dispute arises the tournament director must be summoned and the players must leave unchanged dice, cube (the position in which it lies will be deemed valid), checkers and score. Any modification by a player create presumption in opponent\u2019s favor.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The tournament director on his own initiative or at request of a player may appoint a neutral referee to observe a match: the referee shall have full powers to protect each player against opponent\u2019s irregularities, illegal moves included<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The tournament director has the right to gather together the committee to adjudicate a dispute, a claim or a protestation.<\/p>\n

A player may appeal a director tournament\u2019s ruling, but he must appeal just after the ruling. To resolve an appeal at least 2 members of the committee shall be convene with the tournament director.\u00a0 The committee shall hear relevant testimony and arguments of both players involved. A ruling will be taken by majority decision.<\/p>\n

A match may be videotaped on tournament director\u2019s decision. A player cannot refuse it, if he does he will be forfeited. If a camera is in use, it may be use in case of dispute.<\/p>\n

CLOCK RULES<\/strong><\/p>\n

Generalities<\/strong><\/p>\n

On his own initiative or at the justified request of any participant of the tournament, the tournament director may require\u00a0 two players to use a clock, to play or finish a match.
\nThe clock can be introduced at the beginning of a game or during a game in progress at the discretion of the tournament director.
\nA player can request any time the checking of\u00a0 the working of clock. In case of\u00a0 an observed flaw the clock should be changed and reparation to the injured player might be arranged.<\/p>\n

Time<\/strong><\/p>\n

You may play with the Bronstein system. At the beginning of a match the director will give to each player a given amount of time per point (for example 3 minutes), plus some seconds (for example 12) of delay per move: so a 7 points match could be played with 21 minutes per player +12 sec delay per move.
\nThe effective time will in any case be indicated by the director accordingly with the event.
\nIf a player completely ends his time (his clock reaches 0), he loses the match.
\nIf the clock is issued in the middle of a game the average needed points will be calculated.
\nIf the tournament director notices that two players play without a clock when one is required or they play with the wrong setting of time, penalties can be awarded to both of them.<\/p>\n

Procedures<\/strong><\/p>\n

Players share one pair of dice coming from a set of four. At the start of a match players choose one die each. A random draw can be made for the first player choosing the die.
\nEither player may demand a mixing of dice prior to the start of any game, according the same procedure of the beginning of the match.
\nA random draw can be done for the sense of play. The clock shall be placed on the side of the bear-off. For a match in three sets, players may alternate the sense of play and make a draw in case they have to play 3 matches.
\nAt the start of each game the clock is centered and each player roll at the same time a die. The player rolling the lower starts the opponent\u2019s time and the other player makes the move.
\nA player signals the end of his turn by pushing the clock: dice should be left on the board. Then the turn passes to the opponent.
\nIf a player presses the clock without rolling the dice or playing his checkers, the move will be considered as illegal.
\nDice cannot be touched before the opponent\u2019s move is complete.
\nIf a player is against a closed board with at least one checker on the bar<\/p>\n

– the opponent can hit the clock at each move (to always get the delay seconds);<\/p>\n

– the player is not required to roll the dice but he still must continue to hit the clock to signify the end of the turn; if he can use the cube he can always double.<\/p>\n

Doubling<\/strong><\/p>\n

A player who wants to double should clearly present to the opponent the cube in the middle of the board and then push the clock.
\nA player who wants to accept a double should clearly take the cube on his side and then push the clock.
\nA player who wants to refuse a double should clearly put the cube on the center of the board; then he centers the clock.<\/p>\n

Conceding a game<\/strong><\/p>\n

A player may offer to concede a plain game, gammon or backgammon only after completing his turn and then centering the clock. To accept a concession \u2018 opponent says \u201caccept\u201d, to reject says \u201creject\u201d. No player may refuse an opponent\u2019s concession for the maximum possible number of points.<\/p>\n

Claiming a game<\/strong><\/p>\n

After completing his turn, a player may claim the game when the outcome is certain. The player claiming the game centers both buttons and says \u00abI win the game\u00bb (or \u00aba gammon\u00bb or \u00aba backgammon\u00bb).
\nThe opponent has to verify this statement.<\/p>\n

Stopping the clock<\/strong><\/p>\n

A player can stop the clock for the following reasons\u00a0:<\/p>\n

– make a proposal of concession of the game;<\/p>\n

– to retrieve a fallen die or checker;<\/p>\n

– to contest an opponent\u2019s action: or example, after an illegal move of the opponent, the player has the right to demand the rectification without losing time;<\/p>\n

– to summon the tournament director;<\/p>\n

– to announce the intention to take a break (when taking a break, it is counseled to both players to write down on their score sheets their time until expiration of the match).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Swing Tournament rules” tab_id=”regoleswing”][vc_column_text]\n

SWING TOURNAMENT RULES<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Swing <\/em><\/strong>is a contest in which all players start with an equal amount of Victory Points <\/strong>(VP<\/strong>) and continue to play until one player remains who accumulated all the VP.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • as long as a player has chips, he must continue playing in the tournament;<\/li>\n
  • players will be randomly matched against one another for a \u2018Single\u2019 game;<\/li>\n
  • each game will start with an initial stake as set in the current tournament CPP (Chips Per Point): it\u2019s the number of VP that each point of the game is worth. This value doesn’t change in the middle of a game. For example, if you won a gammon and the CPP was equal to 300 and the doubling cube was at 4, you will win 2x4x300=2.400 VP;<\/li>\n
  • when a game starts, if one of the players has less VP than the set CPP, the initial stake would be his VP: the player would be “All-in”;<\/li>\n
  • the CPP will be raised at he end of every game.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][vc_tta_section title=”Davis Cup rules” tab_id=”regolecoppadavis”][vc_column_text]\n

    DAVIS CUP RULES
    \n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    The players register already in couples, indicating\u00a0 who is player 1 and who is player 2.
    \nEach encounter between couples takes place in three phases:
    \n1.<\/strong> Player 1 of couple A plays against player 2 of couple B; at the same time player 2 of couple A plays against player 1 of couple B;
    \n2.<\/strong> Couple A plays against couple B exactly as in a \u201cdouble consultation\u201d;
    \n3.<\/strong> Player 1 of couple A plays against\u00a0 player 1 of couple B and at the same time player 2 of couple A plays against player 2 of couple B.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_tta_section][\/vc_tta_tabs][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1\/4\"][vc_single_image image=\"3341\" img_size=\"full\"][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\"3\/4\"][vc_tta_tabs][vc_tta_section title=\"Backgammon rules\" tab_id=\"regole\"][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"1\/4\"][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=\"2\/4\"][vc_column_text] \u2022 Tournament rules & procedures \u2022 Swing Tournament rules \u2022 [...]","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":3703,"menu_order":500,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-29684","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nRules - studiogiochi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/studiogiochi.com\/en\/backgammon\/rules\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rules - 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